Solid-State Batteries

A 2021 Department of Energy Vehicle Technologies Office review of Solid Power project BAT486 says the project is developing solid-state lithium-metal cells that use a multifunctional solid-state electrolyte, for use in electric vehicles. The slides list cell targets of at least 2 amp-hours, at least 350 watt-hours per kilogram of usable specific energy, at least 1,000 cycles, and a cost of no more than $100 per kilowatt-hour. They also say a solid-state lithium-metal pouch cell kept 93 percent of its starting capacity after 200 cycles. Those figures are project targets and a lab cell. They do not say that a passenger car on sale uses an all-solid cell. [2]

A separate Department of Energy-sponsored paper says it is an overview of materials and cell fabrication for all-solid-state batteries meant for large-format use. [1]

National Science Review says hybrid cells, which still use liquid electrolyte, are often called solid-state in public. The authors say that name can mislead. This page uses solid-state for a cell whose electrolyte is solid. It uses semi-solid-state for a hybrid cell. If a maker uses the words in another way, the maker's wording and this distinction can both be true. [3]